▎ 摘　　要

A surfactant-assisted ultrasonic exfoliation of mildly oxidized graphite has been successfully demonstrated. Four typical surfactants including three cationic surfactants and one anionic surfactant are explored and the exfoliation mechanism of these surfactants has been studied. The surfactant charge was found to be an important factor in affecting the exfoliation efficiency. The anionic surfactant was more favorable than the cationic ones as the influence of its concentration on the exfoliation efficiency was weak while the cationic surfactants with high concentration may obstruct the exfoliation. The thickness of graphene oxide sheets prepared with surfactants was mainly distributed at 1-1.5 nm. The X-Ray diffraction results showed that the intercalation capacity of cationic surfactant was higher than that of anionic surfactant. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectra and Fourier-transform infrared spectra measurement showed that the polar parts of cationic surfactants should be bonded with eO-on mildly oxidized graphite by electrostatic attractive force to form hydrophobic force in the interlamination of mildly oxidized graphite. The anionic surfactant was intercalated into the interlayers of mildly oxidized graphite by hydrophobic force and hydrogen bond, leading to the formation of weak electrostatic repulsion force to facilitate the exfoliation slightly.