▎ 摘　　要

Chemically modified graphenes (CMGs) are unique building blocks for "bottom up" nanotechnology because of their single-atom thickness, two-dimensional conjugated structure, and exceptional physical and chemical properties. Various hierarchical structures and functional nanocomposites based on CMGs have been prepared by self-assembly. Here, we review the recent advances in the assembly of CMGs in solution or at interfaces, and demonstrate the wide application of the resulting materials.