▎ 摘　　要

The anomalously low efficiency of the work function (on the scale of a few tenths or hundredths of an electron-volt) and other unusual properties of the field emission from some types of nanocarbon materials are shown to be explained by assuming that graphene ladders are drawn out from their surface along the applied electric field. The ladders are structures consisting of one or several graphene sheets and extending to a height of several tens of times larger than the width of the base fixing the ladder to the film.