▎ 摘　　要

Electrical spin injection from ferromagnetic metals into graphene is hindered by the impedance mismatch between the two materials. This problem can be reduced by the introduction of a thin tunnel barrier at the interface. We present room-temperature nonlocal spin valve measurements in cobalt/aluminum-oxide/graphene structures with an injection efficiency as high as 18%, where electrical contact is achieved through relatively transparent regions in the oxide. This value is further enhanced to 31% by applying a dc current bias on the injector electrodes, which causes carrier drift away from the contact. A reverse bias reduces the ac spin valve signal to zero or negative values. We introduce a model that quantitatively predicts the behavior of the spin accumulation in the graphene under such circumstances, showing a good agreement with our measurements.