▎ 摘　　要

The production of highly stable, defect-free, and electricallyconducting 3D graphene structures from graphene oxide precursors ischallenging. This is because graphene oxide is a metastable materialwhose structure and chemistry evolve due to aging. Aging changes therelative composition of oxygen functional groups attached to the grapheneoxide and negatively impacts the fabrication and properties of reducedgraphene oxide. Here, we report a universal strategy to reverse theaging of graphene oxide precursors using oxygen plasma treatment.This treatment decreases the size of graphene oxide flakes and restoresnegative zeta potential and suspension stability in water, enablingthe fabrication of compact and mechanically stable graphene aerogelsusing hydrothermal synthesis. Moreover, we employ high-temperatureannealing to remove oxygen-containing functionalities and repair thelattice defects in reduced graphene oxide. This method allows obtaininghighly electrically conducting graphene aerogels with electrical conductivityof 390 S/m and low defect density. The role of carboxyl, hydroxyl,epoxide, and ketonic oxygen species is thoroughly investigated usingX-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopies. Our study provides uniqueinsight into the chemical transformations occurring during the agingand thermal reduction of graphene oxide from room temperature up to2700 degrees C.