▎ 摘　　要

Driving the superlative properties of mechanically exfoliated graphene to real world applications requires a large effort to develop synthetic routes providing cost effective high quality materials. It can also be agreed, that when it comes to reality, one should not refer just to Graphene but 'Graphenes' as each synthesis method renders a material characterized by different properties. Recently, Graphene and other 2D materials scalable synthesis methods have provided improved materials at highly competitive costs. However, a long way is ahead to approach the properties of mechanically exfoliated materials. Also, as a scalable method succeeds and it is indeed upscaled for industrial production, new characterization protocols and metrics have to be devised to enable efficient on line quality control of the produced materials. Significant advances can be reported recently in the synthesis of high quality graphene although a shift towards other 2D materials research is clearly observed. An overview of the progress made by several groups inWP 'Materials' of the Graphene Flagship is given.