• 文献标题:   Formation of Ripples in Graphene as a Result of Interfacial Instabilities
  • 文献类型:   Article
  • 作  者:   PARONYAN TM, PIGOS EM, CHEN GG, HARUTYUNYAN AR
  • 作者关键词:   graphene, scanning electron microscopy, ripple formation, solutal instability
  • 出版物名称:   ACS NANO
  • ISSN:   1936-0851 EI 1936-086X
  • 通讯作者地址:   Honda Res Inst USA Inc
  • 被引频次:   70
  • DOI:   10.1021/nn202972f
  • 出版年:   2011

▎ 摘  要

Formation of ripples on a supported graphene sheet involves interfacial interaction with the substrate. In this work, graphene was grown on a copper foil by chemical vapor deposition from methane. On thermal quenching from elevated temperatures, we observed the formation of ripples Ingrown graphene, developing a peculiar topographic pattern in the form of wavy grooves and single/double rolls, roughly honeycomb cells, or their combinations. Studies on pure copper foil under corresponding conditions but without the presence of hydrocarbon revealed the appearance of peculiar patterns on the foil surface, such as dendritic structures that are distinctive not of equilibrium solidified phases but arise from planar and/or convective instabilities driven by solutal and thermal capillary forces. We propose a new origin for the formation of ripples in the course of graphene growth at elevated temperatures, where the topographic pattern formation is governed by dynamic instabilities on the interface of a carbon catalyst binary system. These non-equilibrium processes can be described based on Mullins-Sekerka and Benard-Marangoni instabilities In diluted binary alloys, which offer control over the ripple texturing through synthesis parameters such as temperature, imposed temperature gradient, quenching rate, diffusion coefficients of carbon In the metal catalyst, and the miscibility gap of the metal catalyst-carbon system.