▎ 摘　　要

As a new member of carbon nanomaterials, graphene has been known as a sharply rising star after the discovery of fullerene and carbon nanotubes. Functionalization, a critical route toward practical application in diverse fields such as materials, physics, chemistry, biology, etc. will enhance intrinsic and/or add new features to graphene. Up to now, a series of methodologies, including hydrogenation, fluorination, functionalization by small organic molecules as well as polymer for the creation of various graphene derivatives with a great many special structures, compositions and properties, have been developed. This review presents a comprehensive outline and state-of-art description of the present research status on the fast development of graphene derivatives in recent years. The biomedical performance of those derivatives has been highlighted, as well as a forward outlook on their applications in various fields.