▎ 摘　　要

Although activated carbon shows a higher maximum capacitance than that of graphene nanosheets (GNSs) in a conventional organic electrolyte, the latter material, characterized by high conductivity and a unique planar structure, is more suitable for use in an ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte for supercapacitors. IL electrolytes consisting of various cations (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMI+) and N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium (BMP+)) and anions (bis(trifluoromethylsulfony) imide (TFSI-), tetrafluoroborate (BF4-), and dicyanamide (DCA(-))) are systematically studied. Among them, BMP-DCA IL is found to be the superior electrolyte, in which the GNS electrode exhibits a capacitance of 235 F g(-1) and a satisfactory rate capability within a potential range of 3.3 V at 25 degrees C. This electrolyte is even more promising for elevated-temperature applications. At 60 degrees C, a symmetric-electrode GNS supercapacitor with BMP-DCA IL is able to deliver maximum energy and power densities of 103 Wh kg(-1) and 43.3 kW kg(-1) (based on the active material on both electrodes), respectively, which are much higher than 19 Wh kg(-1) and 17.6 kW kg(-1) for a control cell with a conventional organic electrolyte. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.