▎ 摘　　要

Carbon has a unique chemistry reflected in its wide presence in the inorganic and organic world - benzene, diamond, graphite, fullerene, carbon nano-tubes and now graphene - carbon seems to be at the centre of action in the playground of scientific research. In this review, synthesis and unique properties of graphene and graphene-based composites have been discussed with particular emphasis on the environmentally benign (green) synthetic methods and their wide applications, especially in energy conversion, energy storage, electronics, biomedical and biosensing applications.