▎ 摘　　要

Theoretical and experimental data of the electron beam passage through graphene taking into account reflection of electrons are obtained. Theoretical estimates were made by considering the motion of an electron in a central force field which was modeled as a positively-charged carbon nucleus screened by the Thomas-Fermi potential. Along with the theoretical estimates, the results of experimental studies, obtained on the basis of a specially developed stand in which the electron beam was generated by irradiation of a diamond photocathode by vacuum ultraviolet, are presented. A comparison of the theoretical and experimental data showed that the experimental estimate of the passage of an electron through graphene is in good agreement with the calculated data when the first reflection is taken into account. The greatest discrepancies were observed for small values of the electron energy. The obtained results show that at the electron energies of > 35 eV the electron almost freely penetrates through the graphene membrane and it corresponds to the results published earlier, and at energies < 20 eV the data differ strongly. This fact shows that in this energy range it is necessary to continue studying the graphene's transparency. Major part of the work is devoted to the use of graphene membranes electron transparency for developing a number of unique devices and systems. These are vacuum ultraviolet radiation matrix detectors that are not sensitive to solar radiation, flat terminals with the properties of cathode ray tubes, image converter based on a vacuum emission triode, and self-excited oscillation memory cells for archival memory. It is noted that these devices and systems can be developed on the basis of existing technologies for the graphene films production.