▎ 摘　　要

The present experimental investigation has shown the biodiesel production from 2nd generation renewable carbon source, Karanja seed oil using graphene oxide (GO) immobilized lipase biocatalyst. The adsorption of lipase in GO was found to be most suitable immobilizing support matrix (adsorbed similar to 94 mg/g of GO) due to large specific surface area and abundant functional groups. The GO immobilized enzyme i.e. biocatalysts assisted enzymatic transesterification yielded similar to 88% of biodiesel using 1:8 Karanja oil: ethanol ratio, 25 degrees C, 3% biocatalysts in 24 h reaction time. The newly designed solar-driven direct contact membrane distillation module enables continuous separation and recycles of unreacted alcohol (> 99% recovery) from transesterification reaction mixture while yielding similar to 41 Kg EtOH/m(2)/24h using commercial PTFE/PET hydrophobic membrane. Subsequently, free glycerol was removed up to similar to 77% (permeate concentration