▎ 摘　　要

The antibacterial activity of graphene family materials (GFMs) has been explored since 2010, 6 years after the discovery of graphene in 2004. It is proposed that the antibacterial activity is derived from both physical interaction and chemical reaction between GFMs and bacteria. However, whether the two mechanisms work synergistically or whether there are conditions under which one mechanism dominates remains uncertain. This opinion article highlights the uncertainties and controversies in the current understanding of antibacterial mechanisms of GFMs as well as deficiencies in methodologies and provides perspectives on future directions to move this field forward.(c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.