▎ 摘　　要

The green transformation of biomass materials into carbon nanomaterials with high application value has always been of great interest. In this study, we successfully synthesized temperature-sensitive and narrow-size distribution graphene quantum dots (GQDs) via mild oxidation, which were derived from 250 degrees C carbonized sea rice. This synthetic approach is green, supports large-scale operations, and consumes low amounts of energy. Through the use of TEM, DLS, AFM, XRD, Raman, FTIR, XPS, UV-vis, and PL technologies characterized GQDs. The GQDs exhibited good dispersion, temperature-sensitive properties, light stability, and tunable photoluminescence. The GQDs particle sizes were 1.20 +/- 0.40 nm, and lambda em = 458 nm at 340 nm excitation. Furthermore, we successfully detected trace amounts of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), which exhibited a significant linear correlation between 0 and 1000 mu M; the detection limit was 0.034 mu M. The GQDs fluorescence probe was selective even with the distractors. Additionally, the quenching between the GDQs and 4-NP was caused by the internal filtering effect. Standard recovery experiments indicated that the recovery rates ranged from 97.6 % to 101.3 % for real water samples. Our research serves as a foundation for the creation of high-performance temperature-sensitive sensor devices for use in biomedical and environmental applications.