▎ 摘　　要

In the present study, the green approach has been adopted for the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) using cow urine and urea, which were further spray-coated to fabricate graphene nanosheets (GNs) based transparent conducting films (TCFs). Raman analysis reveals the I-D/I-G intensity ratio of similar to 1.25, 1.39 for synthesized GNs by cow urine and urea, respectively. It indicates the removal of oxygen spices from GO, which is further confirmed by elemental analysis and FTIR. XRD, Raman and Urbach energy confirm the enhanced defects and lattice disorders, which are attributed to nitrogen incorporation, vacancies, and other structural defects. The presence of pyridinic-N defects as revealed by XPS and other structural defects has changed the electrical and optical properties of GNs. A detailed comparative study has been done to compare the electrical and optical properties of spray-coated TCFs over the quartz substrate. The enhanced conductivity in CGF (coated film using GN synthesized by cow urine) and UGF (coated film using GN synthesized by urea) might be due to presence of pyridinic-N and oxygen species removal, while enhanced transmissivity is due to presence of less number of graphene layers. UGF, which is thermally annealed at 900 degrees C shows the best performance with sheet resistance similar to 1.781k Omega/square and transmittance similar to 71.16%.