▎ 摘　　要

The charging effect often complicates photoemission spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy of an insulating material. Here, monolayer graphene was used as a conductive layer to prevent the charging effect of insulating substrates such as glass and LiNbO3. Charging-free spectra were obtained with various photon energies ranging from vacuum ultraviolet light to hard x-rays. This method could also be applied to photoemission spectroscopy of epoxy adhesives and to photoemission electron microscopy of an insulating film. Photoelectron transmissivities for the transferred graphene film were evaluated over a wide kinetic energy range from 29 to 7910eV. A minimum transmissivity of similar to 0.1 was found at a kinetic energy of similar to 60eV, which rose to 0.86 at 7910eV. In terms of the kinetic energy dependence of the transmissivity, this method is especially suitable for conventional and hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.