▎ 摘　　要

Methods of graphene preparation, its structure, physical and chemical properties are reviewed. Two stages of chemical modification of graphene are described-primary (functionalization) and secondary (covalent attachment of organic compounds) modification. The main attention is paid to methods for the synthesis of graphene derivatives: oxide, graphane, halides, nitrogen-containing compounds, and conjugates of graphene and graphene oxide with organic and bioorganic molecules. The main areas of potential application of modified graphene materials are briefly considered. Biomedicine and medical diagnostics are the most promising areas of practical use of graphene conjugates and materials based on it. However, detailed studies of the toxicity of graphene and its derivatives should be carried out.