▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Producing in an electrochemical cell of one or more of graphene, graphite nanoplatelet structures having a thickness of less than 100 nm, and graphane, where the cell comprises: (a) a negative electrode which is graphitic; (b) a positive electrode which may be graphitic or another material; and (c) an electrolyte, involves passing a current through the cell to intercalate ions into the graphitic negative electrode so as to exfoliate the graphitic negative electrode. USE - The method is useful for producing in electrochemical cell of one or more of graphene, graphite nanoplatelet structures having thickness of less than 100 nm, and/or graphane (claimed). ADVANTAGE - Methods are provided that produce graphene/graphite nanoplatelet structures/graphane selectively over other carbon allotropes, which are amenable to scale-up to an industrial platform, which are more efficient, reliable, environment-friendly, provide higher quality material, provide increased yields of material, provide larger sheets or material, provide easier isolation of material and/or which are procedurally simpler and/or cheaper than the methods of the prior art. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Producing in an electrochemical cell of one or more of graphene, graphite nanoplatelet structures having a thickness of less than 100 nm, and graphane, where the cell comprises: (a) a negative electrode which is graphitic; (b) a positive electrode which may be graphitic or another material; and (c) an electrolyte selected from: (i) an ionic liquid; (ii) a deep eutectic solvent; and (iii) a solid ionic conductor, optionally further comprising (iv) one or more ionic species, where the amount of (i), (ii) or (iii) and (iv) is greater than 50wt% based on the total weight of the electrolyte; involves passing a current through the cell to intercalate ions into the graphitic negative electrode so as to exfoliate the graphitic negative electrode.