▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Battery comprises at least one of a cathode comprising a nickel-rich material and a first sub-nanoscale metal oxide coating on the nickel-rich material and an anode comprising an anode material and a second sub-nanoscale metal oxide coating disposed on the anode material. USE - The battery is useful in energy storage devices and electrical storage. ADVANTAGE - The battery: is economical, scalable and commercialization-friendly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (1) recycling (m1) electrodes of a battery comprising recycling at least one cathode and at least one anode at the end-of-life of the battery by at least one of separation and regeneration; (2) forming at least one electrode for a battery, comprising providing a cathode material, providing an anode material, coating the cathode material with a first sub-nanoscale metal oxide coating and coating the anode material with a second sub-nanoscale metal oxide coating; and (3) a single layer deposition on an anode or cathode material comprising loading the anode or cathode material into a reactor of an atomic layer deposition system, increasing the temperature inside the reactor to 20-400degrees Celsius, reducing the pressure inside the reactor to less than 0.7 torr, dosing a first metal precursor by atomic layer deposition at least one times, dosing takes place to fill the reactor full and exposing until saturation has occurred, reducing the pressure inside the reactor after doping until the pressure is less than 0.7 torr and dosing an oxygen source at least one times until saturation occurs, where the oxygen source comprises water or ozone.