▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Porous silicon-graphene-carbon (SiGC) composite material (10) comprises: many individual silicon particles, where the silicon particles are each coated with more than three sheets (greater than 3) of graphene to form a thick graphene layer about individual silicon particles and defining pores between individual silicon particles; and individual silicon particles in simultaneous contact with a flexible conductive network (18) material to form the porous SiGC composite material. USE - The SiGC composite material is useful in negative electrode active material which is used in negative electrode i.e. used in lithium secondary battery (all claimed). ADVANTAGE - The SiGC composite material improves or extends the cycle life of a battery while also lowering production costs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (1) manufacturing porous SiGC composite material, comprising preparing graphene coated silicon particles from silicon particles each coated with more than three sheets (greater than 3) of graphene, dispersing the graphene coated silicon particles in a first mixed solution of the conductive network material and spray drying the mixture to generate the spherical porous SiGC composite material; (2) a negative electrode active material comprising the spherical porous SiGC composite materials; (3) a negative electrode comprising the negative electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder; and (4) a lithium secondary battery comprising the negative electrode. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectioned schematic view of a porous SiGC composite material. SiGC composite material (10) Submicron silicon particles (12) Graphene coating (14) Additive (16) Flexible conductive network (18)