▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - An electro-microfluidic device comprises a top layer comprising a top support layer and one or more top layer(s) of graphene; a bottom layer comprising a bottom support layer and one or more bottom layer(s) of graphene; a middle layer sandwiched between the top layer and the bottom layer having a patterned cavity defining a sample holding chamber; a cathode electrically connected to the proximal portion of one or more layer(s) of graphene on top and/or bottom; and an anode electrically connected to the distal portion of one or more layer(s) of graphene on top and/or bottom configured to allow application of an electric field within or across the microfluidic device. The top layer exhibits an optically clear top window area. The bottom layer exhibits an optically clear bottom window area. The top window area is comprised of at least a portion of the top layer(s) of graphene, and the bottom window area is comprised of at least a portion of the bottom layer(s) of graphene. USE - The electro-microfluidic device is used in electro-crystallization and X-ray scattering or diffraction analysis (claimed). ADVANTAGE - The device uses graphene as X-ray compatible electrodes, allowing the application of electric fields on-chip, during X-ray analysis. The presence of such electric fields can modulate the structure of protein (or other) molecules in crystalline (for X-ray diffraction) or solution form (for X-ray scattering), and extend the lifetime of fragile samples by expediting the removal of reactive secondary radiation damage species. The intrinsic conductivity of graphene is harnessed to enable electro-crystallization experiments in the precisely-controlled microfluidic geometry, along with in situ X-ray analysis of the resulting crystals. Thus, the device affords faster nucleation and crystal growth, higher signal-to-noise for diffraction data obtained from crystals prepared in the presence of an applied electric field, and can be used to examine the effect of an electric field on the structure and/or structural dynamics of the crystal. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for: (1) array device comprising two or more microfluidic devices; (2) fabricating an electro-microfluidic device, comprising: providing a first graphene film comprising one or more layer(s) of graphene and a second graphene film comprising one or more layer(s) of graphene; transferring the first graphene film to a support layer forming a top layer with a window area; transferring the second graphene film to a support layer forming a bottom layer with a window area; forming the microfluidic device by bonding a middle layer to and between the top and the bottom layers to form a sandwiched construct having a cavity for holding a sample, and a first and second channels connecting to the second graphene film at a proximal and a distal location and providing a conductive material to the first and second channels so as to form electric connectivity to the second graphene film; (3) growing crystalline or non-crystalline materials, comprising growing one or more crystalline or non-crystalline materials in the sample chamber of an electro-microfluidic device under a controlled application of an electric field; and (4) electro-crystallization and X-ray scattering or diffraction analysis, comprising growing one or more crystalline or non-crystalline materials in the sample chamber of an electro-microfluidic device, optionally under a controlled application of an electric field; directing an X-ray beam to the one or more crystalline or non-crystalline materials via the top or bottom window of the electro-microfluidic device; and measuring the X-ray scattering or diffraction of the one or more crystalline or non-crystalline materials via the bottom or top window of the electro-microfluidic device. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a schematic overview illustrating the graphene microfluidics being used for protein structural dynamic analysis via high-throughput serial crystallography through stable, low background array chips for sample modulation by application of electric fields, handling of oxygen sensitive targets, and parallel measurements using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and/or other techniques.