▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - A foundry casting element is formed by forming an aqueous slurry comprising a solid inorganic binder material or its precursor; shaping the slurry using a pattern; curing the shaped slurry at less than or equal to 350 degrees C to form a casting element; and removing the pattern from the casting element. The slurry optionally comprises an inert component selected from oxide sands, diamond, graphite, carbon black, graphene, graphene oxide, metal carbides, silicon carbide, boron carbide, tungsten carbide, niobium carbide, titanium boride, zirconium boride, zirconia, titania, alumina, olivine, diopside, garnet, spinel, quartz, cristobalite, tridymite, calcium carbonate, and dolomite. The inert component does not react with the binder. USE - Method of forming foundry casting element used in manufacturing of metallic components. Uses include but are not limited to steel, iron alloys, non-ferrous metals, such as aluminum, copper, magnesium, lead, zinc, tin, nickel, titanium, noble, and refractory alloys. ADVANTAGE - The method enables to form foundry casting element that has excellent surface finish and tight dimensional tolerances with minimal need for machining. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for: (1) foundry casting element comprising refractory sand and binder comprising aqueous magnesium aluminum phosphate gel admixed with clay, fumed silica, and/or soluble precursor of zinc or rare earth lanthanide ion, and optionally, an inert component; (2) refractory brick, castable, gunning, or ramming mix, comprising magnesium oxide (MgO) particles bonded to each other by magnesium carbonate particles, where MgO particles are larger than the magnesium carbonate particles, and optionally, an inert component; and (3) molten metal holding ladle or blast furnace having an inner surface lined with the refractory bricks.