▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - A toilet seat comprises seat ring and cover plate. The seat ring is hinged with the cover plate. The seat ring comprises an upper transparent plate, a porous niobium carbide MXene/reduced graphene oxide-based heating film and a lower transparent plate. The porous niobium carbide MXene/reduced graphene oxide-based heating film comprises transparent insulating layer (A), a porous niobium carbide MXene/reduced graphene oxide-based conductive film, a transparent insulating layer (B) and electrodes. The transparent insulating layer (A) covers one side and the transparent insulating layer (B) covers the other side of the porous niobium carbide MXene/reduced graphene oxide-based conductive film. The one end of the electrode is electrically connected with the porous niobium carbide MXene/reduced graphene oxide-based conductive film, and other end of the electrode extends outside the transparent insulating layer (A) or the transparent insulating layer (B). USE - Toilet seat. ADVANTAGE - The toilet seat has antibacterial and heat preservation effects, ensures the dry and hygienic space of the toilet as a whole, and can assist in smooth blood vessels and defecation and enhance the experience of use. The toilet seat has high electrothermal conversion rate and uniform heat generation, and is safe, reliable and suitable for long-term use. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A toilet seat comprises seat ring and cover plate. The seat ring is hinged with the cover plate. The seat ring comprises an upper transparent plate, a porous niobium carbide MXene/reduced graphene oxide-based heating film and a lower transparent plate arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The porous niobium carbide MXene/reduced graphene oxide-based heating film comprises transparent insulating layer (A), a porous niobium carbide MXene/reduced graphene oxide-based conductive film, a transparent insulating layer (B) and electrodes. The transparent insulating layer (A) covers one side of the porous niobium carbide MXene/reduced graphene oxide-based conductive film. The transparent insulating layer (B) covers the other side of the porous niobium carbide MXene/reduced graphene oxide-based conductive film. The one end of the electrode is electrically connected with the porous niobium carbide MXene/reduced graphene oxide-based conductive film, and other end of the electrode extends outside the transparent insulating layer (A) or the transparent insulating layer (B). The preparation of the porous niobium carbide MXene/reduced graphene oxide-based conductive film involves grinding graphite powder and niobium aluminum carbide powder to a fineness of 200 mesh or more, mixing graphite powder with niobium aluminum carbide powder in a mass ratio of 1-8:1, pressing to form a working electrode, fixing working electrode in electrolytic cell, adding electrolyte to the electrolytic cell so that the working electrode is immersed in the electrolyte, using the working electrode as positive electrode and applying voltage to ionize the fluorine-containing anion liquid to generate fluorine radicals, electrolyzing, centrifuging the electrolyte to collect the precipitate, obtaining niobium carbide/graphite oxide material, dissolving the niobium carbide/graphite oxide material in isopropanol in a mass to volume ratio of 50-500 mg/mL, ultrasonically processing isopropanol containing niobium carbide/graphite oxide material, centrifuging the isopropanol containing niobium carbide/graphite oxide material at 8000-15000 rpm for 10-30 minutes, collecting the precipitate, immersing the precipitate in a reducing reagent to reduce, centrifuging, collecting the precipitate, drying, dispersing the dried precipitate in dispersant (d1), obtaining niobium carbide MXene/reduced graphene oxide dispersion liquid after ultrasonically processing in a water bath, adding resin to dispersant (d2) while stirring, obtaining a particulate resin slurry, mixing the particulate resin slurry, niobium carbide MXene/reduced graphene oxide dispersion, polyacrylonitrile maleic anhydride copolymer and stabilizer in a mass ratio of 500:1000-10000:1-50:5-20, mixing, transferring to a protective gas environment and stirring at 65-85 degrees C until the volume is concentrated to 1/2-1/6, obtaining porous niobium carbide MXene/reduced graphene oxide-based conductive ink, forming the porous niobium carbide MXene/reduced graphene oxide-based conductive ink into a film by printing, scraping or printing, immersing the film in a dilute acid solution, washing and drying. The particulate powder is carbonate powder or metal oxide powder. The electrolyte is a fluorine-containing anion liquid as an etching agent. The particulate powder has diameter of 0.1-1 mu m, and concentration of 10-100 mg/mL. The concentration of the resin is 50-500 mg/mL. The niobium aluminum carbide powder comprises niobium aluminum carbide of formula: Nb3AlC2 or Nb4AlC3. The particulate powder is carbonate powder or metal oxide powder.