▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - An electrode comprises a substrate formed of a conductive layer having a thickness of 10 nm-1 micron, a composite layer (14) of radioluminescent phosphor with radioisotope particles homogeneously dispersed and formed on conductive substrate having a thickness of 1-25 microns, and a semiconductor comprising a P-i-N/P-u-N junction (17) or an N-i-P-P junction. USE - Electrode used in beta-photovoltaic cells for radioisotope battery of semiconductor device. Uses include but are not limited to power mobile devices, medical devices, unattended sensors, spacecraft instruments, microelectromechanical systems, explosive monitoring, and microprocessors. ADVANTAGE - The electrode provides semiconductor device having improved coversion efficiency, and efficiently harnesses the energy output from the composite layer. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a shcematic view of hybrid radioisotope battery using beta-photovoltaic and beta-voltaic energy conversion with volumetric configuration. Composite layer (14) Beta particles (15) Photon (16) P-i-N/P-u-N junction (17)