▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - The cooling system has a graphitic heat spreader element (12a-12c) configured to be in thermal communication with the battery cells (14a,14b). A cooling device is configured to transport heat generated from the cells through the spreader to the cooling device when the battery cell is discharged. The cooling device is provided with both a thermal interface portion and cooling portion. The thermal interface material (TIM) (16a,16b) is coupled to at least one of the cells and the heat-spreader element. The spreader is in a form of a film, sheet, layer, belt, or band having a thickness of 100 nm-10 mm. USE - Cooling system for battery module or pack such as lithium-ion battery, lithium metal secondary battery, lithium-sulfur battery, lithium-air battery, lithium-selenium battery, sodium-ion battery, sodium metal secondary battery, sodium-sulfur battery, sodium-air battery, magnesium-ion battery, magnesium metal battery, aluminum-ion battery, aluminum metal secondary battery, zinc-ion battery, zinc metal battery, zinc-air battery, nickel metal hydride battery, lead acid battery, lead acid-carbon battery, lead acid-based ultra-battery, lithium-ion capacitor, or supercapacitor (all claimed) used in battery-driven electric vehicle (EV). ADVANTAGE - The TIM ensures good thermal contact between a battery cell and a graphitic heat spreader element and, thus, reduces the interfacial resistance. The thermal interface material (TIM) is disposed between a surface of the battery cell (e.g. one of the 6 surfaces of a rectangular cell or the cylindrical surface of a cylindular cell) and the heat spreading element. The TIM is arranged between the battery cells to ensure good thermal communication with the heat spreading element and to reduce the risk of thermal runaway of a battery. The cooling performance of lithium-ion pouch or prismatic cells may be improved with cold plates implemented along both surfaces of the cell and by changing the inlet coolant mass flow rates and the cooling channels. The enhanced cooling energy efficiency can be achieved with a low inlet temperature. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method of operating a battery cooling system. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of the battery cooling system. Graphitic heat spreader elements (12a-12c) Battery cell (14a,14b) TIM (16a,16b) Thermal interface portion (18)