▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Surface-modified nanoparticles comprise core material comprising silicon, germanium, tin or their combination, and outer surface modified with one or more surface-modifying agents without silicon oxide compound measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. USE - Surface-modified nanoparticles used for electrode film for lithium-ion battery (all claimed) for plug-in electric vehicle. ADVANTAGE - The surface-modified nanoparticles provide lithium-ion battery having excellent battery lifetime and charge/discharge characteristics, and high capacity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (1) an electrode film, which comprises the surface-modified nanoparticles, and one or more additives chosen from polythiophenes, polyacrylonitrile, polyaniline crosslinked with phytic acid, sodium alginate, carbon black, nanospherical carbon, graphene, fullerenes, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes; (2) a lithium-ion battery, which comprises anode, cathode comprising the surface-modified nanoparticles and stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer, and a lithium ion permeable separator between the anode and the cathode, an electrolyte comprising lithium ions, and a solvent comprising ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methylethyl carbonate, or their combination; and (3) preparation of the surface-modified nanoparticles, which involves (a) comminuting micrometer-sized or nano-sized silicon-containing materials under anaerobic conditions in the presence of one or more surface-modifying agents, one or more alkane solvents and one or more lithium-containing reagents to provide a slurry of surface-modified nanoparticles, and (b) recovering the surface-modified nanoparticles from the slurry, or using the slurry directly to manufacture a dispersion useful for manufacturing electrode films. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of battery.