▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Formation of three-dimensional graphene material (212) involves (a) mixing a metal powder, and a carbon source which is not graphene, graphene oxide or graphene derivative, to form a metal and carbon source mixture, in which at least some of the metal powder is covered by the carbon source, (b) utilizing three-dimensional printing process to fuse the metal powder into a specific structure (208), (c) converting the carbon source into graphene sheets that cover the metal powder, and (d) removing the metal. USE - Formation of three-dimensional graphene material used for electrode e.g. battery electrodes for device e.g. capacitors, supercapacitors, batteries, lithium batteries, lithium ion batteries, photovoltaic devices, photovoltaic cells, transistors, current collectors, fuel cell devices, water desalination devices, capacitive deionization devices, water-splitting devices, water-oil separation devices, water/gas purification devices, sensors and mechanical dampening devices, and as cell scaffolds for artificial wood, scaffolds for growth of bone or animal/human tissue in vivo or in vitro, scaffolds for neuronal growth in-vitro or in-vivo, and spinal cord regeneration scaffolds (all claimed). ADVANTAGE - The method is simple, rapid, and efficiently produces three-dimensional graphene material with high specific surface area, excellent crystallization properties, electroconductivity, mechanical robustness, storage modulus, and damping capacity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (1) device, which consists of the three-dimensional graphene material; (2) electrode, which comprises the three-dimensional graphene material; and (3) powder-based automatic three-dimensional printer, which consists of (a) a powder reservoir consisting of a powder comprising a mixture of the metal powder and the carbon source, (b) a powder distributor, (c) a build volume, (d) a build platform, and (e) a laser (213). The powder-based automatic three-dimensional printer is to perform the three-dimensional printing process, and the laser is to convert the carbon source into graphene sheets that cover the metal powder to form a metal scaffold. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view explaining in-situ synthesis of the graphene foam using the three-dimensional printing process. Sucrose (206) Specific structure (208) Three-dimensional metal/graphene composite material (211) Three-dimensional graphene material (212) Laser (213)