▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - The fuel cell has a gas diffusion layer (GDL) (54) situated between a catalyst layer (52) and a flow field plate (56). The GDL has a first region and a second region along a thickness direction of the fuel cell. The first region is adjacent to the catalyst layer, and has a thermal conductivity. The second region of the GDL is adjacent the flow-field plate. It has a second conductivity lower than the first conductivity of the first region. It includes graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, or their combination. It also includes carbon fibers. The third region has anisotropic thermal conductivities. USE - Fuel cell e.g. proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell used as alternative power source for vehicles and other transportation applications. Can also be used in direct current (DC)-DC converter. ADVANTAGE - The fuel cells operate without generating toxic and greenhouse gases. The gas diffusion layer (GDLs) are important components in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack, which not only diffuse reactants from flow field plates to catalyst layers but also facilitates heat and water removal in the PEM fuel cell. The second region of the GDL is adjacent to the flow field plate and has a gradient of thermal conductivity along the thickness direction of the fuel cell, which reduces the amount of water that is condensed in the second region. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic side view of a PEM fuel cell. Half-cell assembly (50) Catalyst layer (52) Gas diffusion layer (54) Flow field plate (56) Macroporous layer (58)