▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Micro-needle electrode comprises a hydrogel, a probe coupled to the hydrogel for generating an electrochemical signal in the presence of the target, and a conductive material for communicating the electrochemical signal through the hydrogel. USE - Micro-needle electrode for use in apparatus for biosensing and transdermal patch (claimed). ADVANTAGE - The micro-needle electrode increases rapid interstitial fluid (ISF) extraction, high biocompatibility, lower fabrication cost, higher production yield and ease of insertion and removal without causing skin damage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for: (1) a method for producing a micro needle, which involves: (a) combining a functionalized hydrogel and a conductive material to form a mixture; (b) adjusting the pH of the mixture; and (c) crosslinking the mixture in a mold to form a crosslinked material; (2) an apparatus for biosensing, which comprises the micro-needle electrode, reference electrode, a counter electrode, and a detector for detecting the electrochemical signal; (3) a transdermal patch, which comprises the micro-needle electrode; (4) a method for transdermal biosensing of a target in a subject, which involves: (a) applying the transdermal patch to the skin of the subject for detecting the electrochemical signal; and (b) associating the electrochemical signal to pH or to the concentration of the target in the subject.