▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Removing (M1) at least one contaminant from contaminated aqueous fluid, comprises: contacting a contaminated aqueous fluid comprising a contaminant with a coated porous substrate (40), where the coated porous substrate is coated with a hydrophilic or oleophobic coating, and the hydrophilic or oleophobic coating comprises graphene oxide; and passing the aqueous fluid through the coated porous substrate to produce a treated water comprising water, where the treated water is potable water, and the concentration of the contaminant in the treated water is less than the level of the contaminant in the contaminated aqueous fluid and utilizing at least a portion of the treated water as a component of a hydraulic fracturing fluid. USE - The methods are useful for removing at least one contaminant from contaminated aqueous fluid. ADVANTAGE - The methods provide potable water that has a total dissolved solids (TDS) content of less than or equal to5000 ppm as measured by conductivity and/or water evaporation, a hydrocarbon content of less than or equal to500 mg/l as measured by 40 CFR Part 136 Method 608.3, 624.1, and/or 625.1, and/or a salt content of less than or equal to5000 ppm as measured by electrical conductivity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (a) removing (M2) at least one contaminant from contaminated aqueous fluid, comprising contacting a contaminated aqueous fluid comprising a contaminant with a coated porous substrate, where the coated porous substrate is coated with a hydrophilic or oleophobic coating and passing the aqueous fluid through the coated porous substrate to produce a treated water comprising water, where the treated water is potable water, and the concentration of the contaminant in the treated water is less than the level of the contaminant in the contaminated aqueous fluid and utilizing at least a portion of the treated water as a component of a hydraulic fracturing fluid, where the contacting is effected at a differential pressure across the coated porous substrate of less than or equal to10 psi; (b) removing (M3) at least one contaminant from contaminated aqueous fluid, comprising combining an aqueous fluid with a gelling agent, a friction reducer (FR), and/or a proppant to provide a hydraulic fracturing fluid, pumping at least a portion of the hydraulic fracturing fluid into a formation via a wellbore as part of a hydraulic fracturing process, recovering a contaminated aqueous fluid comprising a contaminant from the or another wellbore, where the contaminated aqueous fluid comprises at least a portion of the aqueous fluid and contacting the contaminated aqueous fluid with a coated porous substrate, where the coated porous substrate is coated with a hydrophilic or oleophobic coating, and the hydrophilic or oleophobic coating comprises graphene oxide and passing the contaminated aqueous fluid through the coated porous substrate to produce a treated water, where the concentration of the contaminant in the treated water is less than the concentration of the contaminant in the contaminated aqueous fluid, and the treated water is potable water; and (c) removing (M4) at least one contaminant from contaminated aqueous fluid, comprising recovering a contaminated aqueous fluid comprising a contaminant from a formation before, during, and/or after a hydraulic fracturing operation, contacting the contaminated aqueous fluid with a coated porous substrate, where the coated with a hydrophilic or oleophobic coating, and the hydrophilic or oleophobic coating comprises graphene oxide and passing the contaminated aqueous fluid through the coated porous substrate to produce a treated water, where the concentration of the contaminant in the treated water is less than the concentration of the contaminant in the contaminated aqueous fluid and disposing of at least a portion of the treated water, where the treated water is potable water. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows system for removing contaminants from a contaminated aqueous fluid. System (1) Contaminated aqueous fluid source (10) Contaminated aqueous fluid line (15) Contaminated aqueous fluid inlet (16) Coated porous substrate (40)