▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Microbial fuel cell comprises negative electrode comprising a sheet-like first carbon material provided with a graphene sheet, and the negative electrode supporting a microorganism, and a positive electrode facing the negative electrode, where the surface of the negative electrode has an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 4-10000 mu m. USE - The microbial fuel cell is useful for treating waste liquid (all claimed), and generating an electrical energy. ADVANTAGE - The microbial fuel cell has excellent flexibility and maintains an output in a high state are provided, and also heighten the processing capacity of a wastes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for waste liquid treatment apparatus.