▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Lithium-sulfur battery comprises a cathode, an anode structure positioned opposite to the cathode (110), the anode (120) structure comprising a foil of lithium, artificial solid-electrolyte interphase configured to form on the foil of lithium, a protective layer configured to form at least partially within and on the artificial solid-electrolyte interphase and face the cathode, the protective layer including multiple carbonaceous materials comprising one or more of flat graphene, wrinkled graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nano-on-ions (CNOs), or non-hollow carbon spherical particles (NHCS), the protective layer further including a first polymeric chain and a second polymeric chain positioned opposite one another, each of the first and second polymeric chains comprising exposed carbon atoms grafted to one or more oxide anions O2- fluorine anions and nitrate anions uniformly dispersed throughout the protective layer. USE - Lithium-sulfur battery for use in electronic devices. ADVANTAGE - The battery has reduced the driving range for electric vehicles (EVs) and increased the frequency with which such EVs need recharging, and has reduced the polysulfide shuttle effect, and can increase battery performance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Lithium-sulfur battery comprises a cathode, an anode structure positioned opposite to the cathode, the anode structure comprising a foil of lithium, artificial solid-electrolyte interphase configured to form on the foil of lithium, a protective layer configured to form at least partially within and on the artificial solid-electrolyte interphase and face the cathode, the protective layer including multiple carbonaceous materials comprising one or more of flat graphene, wrinkled graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nano-on-ions (CNOs), or non-hollow carbon spherical particles (NHCS), the protective layer further including a first polymeric chain and a second polymeric chain positioned opposite one another, each of the first and second polymeric chains comprising exposed carbon atoms grafted to one or more oxide anions O2-fluorine anions and nitrate anions uniformly dispersed throughout the protective layer, and one or more lithium-containing salts including at least lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSD uniformly dispersed throughout the protective layer and configured to dissociate into lithium cations and TFSI anions, where the first and second polymeric chains are configured to form carbon-carbon bonds by at least partially cross-linking with each other upon exposure to an ultraviolet (UV) energy, the cross-linked first and second polymeric chains forming the protective layer as a three-dimensional (3D) lattice having a cross-linking density defined by a number of cross-link points per-unit volume and configured to at least partially trap TFSI anions produced upon dissociation of LiTFSI, a separator positioned between the anode structure and the cathode, and an electrolyte dispersed throughout the cathode and in contact with the anode structure, the cross-linking density of the protective layer configured to inhibit swelling above 10 wt.% of an initial volume of the protective layer by preventing the absorption of one or more solvents contained in the electrolyte. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of the lithium-sulfur battery. 101First substrate 105Body 110Cathode 120Anode 172External load