▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Preparing potassium hydroxide-activated reduced graphene oxide involves weighing 5 g graphite, 1 g sodium nitrate, 2 g potassium nitrate and 2 g sodium hydrogencarbonate, adding in 1000 mL beaker, slowly adding 150 mL concentrated sulfuric acid, placing the beaker in ice water bath and magnetically stirring for 1 hour. 15 g potassium permanganate and 2 g sodium permanganate, slowly added to the beaker and stirred to keep the temperature of the mixture in the beaker to 30 degrees C or less. The beaker is continuously stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The beaker is placed in an ice water bath, slowly 300 mL deionized water is added and stirred at 98 degrees C. 30 mL 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is added and stirred constantly. The mixed solution is placed in a centrifuge tube, centrifuged at 8000 revolutions per minute for 30 minute, the upper layer liquid is removed, and the precipitate is taken out, 10% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is used, washed and centrifuged for 6 times. USE - Method for preparing potassium hydroxide-activated reduced graphene oxide. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preparing potassium hydroxide-activated reduced graphene oxide involves weighing 5 g graphite, 1 g sodium nitrate, 2 g potassium nitrate and 2 g sodium hydrogencarbonat, adding in 1000 mL beaker, slowly adding 150 mL concentrated sulfuric acid, placing the beaker in ice water bath and magnetically stirring for 1 hour. 15 g potassium permanganate and 2 g sodium permanganate, slowly added to the beaker and stirred to keep the temperature of the mixture in the beaker to 30 degrees C or less. The beaker is continuously stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The beaker is placed in an ice water bath, slowly 300 mL deionized water is added and stirred at 98 degrees C. 30 mL 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is added and stirred constantly. The mixed solution is placed in a centrifuge tube, centrifuged at 8000 revolutions per minute for 30 minute, the upper layer liquid is removed, and the precipitate is taken out, 10% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is used, washed and centrifuged for 6 times. The precipitate is taken out in a dialysis bag for dialysis for 3 weeks to completely remove the salt ions and acid ions to obtain graphite oxide suspension. The graphite oxide suspension is dispersed in deionized water, and 1 mg/mL suspension is dispensed and ultrasonically dispersed for 1 hour, and the unpeeled graphite oxide is removed by centrifugation with a speed of 3000 revolutions per minute for 30 minutes to finally obtain graphene oxide water. The aqueous graphene oxide dispersion is prepared by disposing an 0.3 mg/mL aqueous dispersion of graphene oxide, and 500 mL aqueous graphene oxide dispersion is taken out in three-necked flask. The three-necked flask is taken on the iron stand, middle and one neck is covered with a glass stopper, and 1 mL-80 mu L 28 wt.% aqueous ammonia is added to the three-necked flask through the other neck. 80 wt.% hydrazine solution is covered with a glass stopper and fully magnetically stirred. The serpentine cooling tube is placed on the middle hole of the three-necked flask to open the cooling water jet, filled the serpentine tube and keep the water flow in the water outlet in a slight fine flow. Adjust the position of the iron frame fixing clamp, placed the three-necked flask in an oil bath at 95 degrees C for 1 hours, and maintained sufficient magnetic stirring during the reaction. The three-necked flask is taken out of the oil bath, three-necked flask is naturally cooled to room temperature in fume hood, the black suspension in the bottle is filtered to remove the apparent large carbon floating on the liquid surface layer, then the suspension is suction filtered and dried to obtain reduced graphene oxide. The reduced graphene oxide is used as a raw material, and 40 mL 5 mg/mL reduced graphene oxide aqueous solution is dissolved in capacity 60 mL plastic bottle, 3 mL 6 mol/L potassium hydroxide solution, and the mixture is sufficiently magnetically stirred for 2 hours, and then sealed at room temperature for 12 hours. The mixture is frozen at (-55) degrees C and dried for 72 hours and the freeze-dried sample is placed in a tube furnace and heated under protection of argon atmosphere. The tube furnace is evacuated, and heated with a heating rate of 20 degrees C/minute, at 800 degrees C for 30 minutes under argon flow rate of 400 standard cubic centimeter per minute at 100 Pascal. The reaction is completed, the furnace is cooled to room temperature, product is dissolved with 10% hydrochloric acid in water, washed 2 times with deionized water to set pH value of 7 and product is freeze-dried to obtain activated potassium restore graphene oxide.