▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Synthesizing (I) carbon nanomaterials, comprises: mixing a lignin and/or its source and a catalyst to form a mixture; heating the mixture at a temperature of at least 600 degrees C for at least 30 minutes; and cooling the heated mixture to form a cooled mixture including graphene. USE - The method is useful for synthesizing carbon nanomaterials (claimed) such as graphene which is used in nanoelectronic devices, energy storage devices, chemical probes, biosensors, biomedical and biological sensing materials, and composites. ADVANTAGE - The method: is simple, and cost effective; and recovers cooking chemicals left in the lignin during the pulping process, where recovered cooking chemicals are potentially reused in the pulping production and the cooking chemical also provides a mixture that contains a higher concentration of the synthesized carbon nanomaterials. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for synthesizing (II) carbon nanomaterials, comprising mixing sodium lignosulfonate and iron nanoparticles to form a mixture, or mixing kraft lignin and iron-containing catalyst to form a mixture, heating the mixture at 80-1200 degrees C for 40-80 minutes under inert atmosphere and cooling the heated mixture to a temperature of less than 100 degrees C or to room temperature under an inert atmosphere to form a cooled mixture including graphene.