▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Electrode comprises a carbon-based structure having localized reaction sites, an open porous scaffold defined by the carbon-based structure and configured to confine an active material in the localized reaction sites, and engineered failure points formed throughout the carbon-based structure and configured to expand in a presence of volumetric expansion associated with polysulfide shuttle. USE - The electrode is used in a lithium sulfur battery, which is used in a reversible lithium-based electrode architecture (all claimed) for hardcase, pouch cell, and prismatic applications. ADVANTAGE - The electrode prevents agglomeration and facilitates the formation of stable dispersions, improves battery performance, improves capacity or stability, has high compositional purity, high electrical conductivity, and a high surface area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (1) a lithium sulfur (Li S) battery, comprising an anode, a cathode formed of few layer graphene (FLG) platelets defining a scaffold with a conductive carbon surface, where the scaffold comprises a plurality of interconnected channels configured to provide ion transport, pores configured to retain an electroactive material, and aggregates formed from two or more FLG platelets fused together and configured to enlarge based on a volumetric expansion of the cathode; (2) a method of manufacturing the electrode, comprising fusing graphene platelets at substantially orthogonal angles, forming a cellular architecture from the plurality graphene platelets, and incorporating failure points within cellular architecture; and (3) a reversible lithium-based electrode architecture, comprising an open porous scaffold formed of parallel graphene layer stacks, cavities, each cavity extending lengthwise into each stack of parallel graphene layers, an active material at least temporarily confined within each cavity and arranged between adjacent graphene layers, and engineered failure points distributed throughout the open porous scaffold.