▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Electrode comprising a three-dimensional graphene framework, comprises: an interconnected conductive network of graphene sheets with a porous structure; and a composite material comprising a capacitive or pseudo-capacitive material. USE - The electrode is useful in an energy storage device (claimed) or supercapacitors, for back-up power, cold starting, flash cameras, regenerative braking and hybrid electric vehicles. ADVANTAGE - The electrode: has a specific surface area of 450-3000 m2/g, a loading ratio of 30-99%, a cycle lifetime of 500-2000000 cycles, a specific capacity at a C-rate of 0.1 of 250-4000 mAh/g, a porosity of 90-99% and a pore diameter of 0.002-100000 mu m; provides the energy storage device having a stack-specific energy density of 16-750 W-hour/kg, a stack-specific power density of 0.5-20 kW/kg, an electrode-specific gravimetric energy density of 16-900 W-hour/kg, an electrode-specific gravimetric power density of 0.5-40 kW/kg and a total capacitance of 1 mF to 10 F; can be formed continuously in a roll-to-roll process (claimed); provides supercapacitors that may avoid shortcomings of current energy storage technology; contains reduced graphene oxide framework; exhibits excellent low temperature performance; greatly reduces high-power stress to the batteries and thus increases their lifetime, robustness and safety; is cost-effective; and contains a lower sulfur loading that yields a higher sulfur-specific capacity, because less sulfur in the graphene framework yields more electron and ion transport pathways. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (1) an energy storage device comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, and an electrolyte, where at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode comprises a three-dimensional graphene framework, the three-dimensional graphene framework comprises the interconnected conductive network of graphene sheets with the porous structure, at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode further comprise the composite material comprising the capacitive or pseudo-capacitive material; (2) composing (M1) the electrode, comprising forming a solution of graphene oxide and a first solvent, heating the solution to form a holey graphene oxide, centrifuging the holey graphene oxide in the solution, washing the holey graphene oxide in a second solvent, forming a dispersion of the holey graphene oxide in a third solvent, and adding an acid to the dispersion to form a holey graphene oxide framework; and (3) composing (M2) the electrode with a three-dimensional graphene framework with an ultra-high sulfur content, comprising (a1) synthesizing graphene oxide comprising forming a graphene oxide suspension and drying the suspension, and (b1) synthesizing a composite sulfur-graphene oxide from the graphene oxide comprising adding a sulfur precursor to the graphene oxide suspension and a first solvent, adding a first acid to form a first solution, stirring the first solution, adding a second acid to the first solution to form a second solution, heating the second solution, washing the second solution in a second solvent and freeze drying the second solution.