▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Material (I) comprises: a carbon allotrope doped with boron nitride; and an alkali metal intercalated within the carbon allotrope. USE - The material is useful for: providing refrigeration or cold air conditioning in remote, rural or impoverished areas; and photovoltaic/thermionic power generation. ADVANTAGE - The material: utilizes the alkali metal (potassium), which lowers the work function of the non-equilibrium electrons (claimed), hence the electrons achieve very high effective temperatures with minimal heating of the solid lattice; exhibits improved thermodynamic efficiency and capacity; minimizes the occurring of thermal backflow losses as compared to conventional thermoelectric coolers; does not require complex mechanical parts (a compressor) or fluid flow elements (a condenser, evaporator, valves or seals), hence it is cost effective; minimizes potassium deintercalation via reduced mobility of potassium atoms within the graphite lattice; provides cold air conditioning in remote, rural or impoverished areas that either have no or unreliable electrical power source; and can be produced by a method that utilizes methane/hydrogen plasma and a metal foil, thus enabling very rapid and localized heating of the metal foil to produce graphene growth within a few minutes without any supplemental heating. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (1) a material (II) comprising: a carbon allotrope, where the carbon allotrope is graphene or graphite; and the alkali metal intercalated within the carbon allotrope, where the material is subjected to irradiation that is sufficient to emit an electron with non-zero kinetic energy; (2) a method (M1) for producing potassium intercalated graphene, comprising: (a) providing a substrate; (b) placing the substrate in a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition chamber; (c) providing hydrogen gas to the chamber; (d) exposing the substrate to plasma; (e) providing methane gas to the chamber; (f) placing product in an evacuated tube along with potassium metal; (g) heating the metal to produce melting and sublimation, so that potassium vapor permeates the tube; (h) maintaining a cold environment near the product so that the potassium condenses on the product; and (i) cooling the entire system and removing an intercalated product; (3) a method (M2) for synthesizing boron nitride doped potassium intercalated graphene, comprising: the steps (a) and (b) as above per se; elevating the substrate above a molybdenum puck; and the steps (c)-(i) as above per se; (4) an apparatus for transferring heat activated by radiation, comprising: a cathode (70) comprising a substrate of graphite, where the graphite is intercalated with the alkali metal, the cathode graphite has many electrons that are not in thermal equilibrium with the cathode graphite lattice, and the cathode has opposing inner and outer surfaces; an anode (80) comprising a substrate of graphite, where substantially all of the electrons of the anode graphite are in thermal equilibrium with the anode graphite lattice, and the anode has opposing inner and outer surfaces; a member (66) maintaining a gap (67) between the cathode inner surface and the anode inner surface, where the member is substantially non-conductive of electricity, and the transfer of heat from the cathode to the anode is activated by reception of the radiation on the cathode; and (5) a method (M3) for transferring heat activated by radiation, comprising: providing the cathode including graphite and the anode; modifying the graphite to have many electrons with reduced work function; irradiating the modified cathode with the radiation; emitting the reduced work function electrons from the cathode by the irradiating; receiving the emitted electrons by the anode; and removing heat from the cathode by emitting. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of a heat exchanger. Heat exchanger (60) Member (66) Gap (67) Cathode (70) Anode (80)