▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - An aqueous hybrid capacitor comprises anode comprising conductive polymer chains formed on a graphene sheet, cathode comprising sub-nanoscale particles of a metal oxide or metal sulfide formed on a graphene sheet, and aqueous electrolyte. USE - Aqueous hybrid capacitor. ADVANTAGE - The aqueous hybrid capacitor has high energy and power density, improved specific capacitances of electrodes, and is eco-friendly and cost effective. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (1) a pseudocapacitive conductive composite, comprising conductive polymer chains formed on a graphene sheet (2) a composite, comprising sub-nanoscale particles of a metal oxide or metal sulfide formed on a graphene sheet (3) a method for preparing a composite, which involves forming nanoparticles of a metal oxide or metal sulfide on a graphene sheet, lithiate the nanoparticles of the metal oxide or metal sulfide formed on the graphene sheet to rescale the nanoparticles into a sub-nanoscale size to form sub-nanoscale particles of the metal oxide or metal sulfide.