▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Protection of submerged surface (6) involves applying a biologically active inner polymer layer (pl1) on a surface, impregnated with biologically active agent (a1) that kills a juvenile stage of a biofouling animal organisms, and applying a biologically active outer polymer layer (pl2) on the layer (pl1), impregnated with biologically active agent (a2) that inhibits a larval stage of the biofouling animal organism from attaching to the layer (pl2). The outer polymer layer (pl2) comprises a friction-reducing additive chosen from silicone powder, PTFE powder, molybdenum disulfide powder, graphene nanoplatelets, graphene oxide, and fluorinated graphene powder. USE - Protection of submerged surface from biofouling animal organisms e.g. fungi, algae, animal, plants, shell-forming, invertebrate calcareous (hard calcium and shell forming) animals such as barnacle, mussel, and shipworm, and microorganisms. Uses include but are not limited to underwater construction, submerged structures, desalination plant, hydroelectric dam and power installation, navigational and instrumented buoy, ocean wave energy converter, and recreational boating and commercial shipping, boat, fish net, crab traps, engine, internal cooling and piping system, etc. ADVANTAGE - The method is environmentally-friendly, economical, and safe, and enables effective protection of submerged surface with high lethality of organisms, cessation of reproduction, and reduced of reproducing resistant biofouling strains, and eliminates proliferation and spread of organisms, using safe antifouling formulations to an aquatic environment, with minimal effect on both animal and human food chains, and respect to human exposure and human carcinogenicity. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of the antifouling coating with an outer biostatic polymer layer and an inner biocidal polymer layer. Aquatic environment (2) Outer biocidal polymer layer (3) Biocidal biocide (4) Biostatic biocide (5) To-be-protected surface (6) Inner biocidal polymer layer (9)