▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Enclosure comprises compartment and wall separating the compartment from an environment external to the compartment, where wall comprises (a) perforated graphene-based material layer and, substrate layer affixed directly or indirectly to the perforated graphene-based material, or (b) perforated graphene-based material layer and part for enhancing integration of enclosure into tissue and/or vascularization to enclosure. USE - The enclosure is useful for promoting growth and vascularization e.g. angiogenesis. ADVANTAGE - The enclosure enhances transport or passage, and/or minimizes the impact on passage of semi-permeance to metabolites, immune factors, and cells. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (1) method (M1) for releasing substance comprising exposing an enclosure comprising a wall with a perforated graphene-based material layer and substrate layer to an environment, to release into the environment at least one substance from a compartment in the enclosure; (2) method (M2) involves exposing an enclosure to an environment, to release at least one first substance into the environment and to allow passage of a second substance from the environment into the enclosure; (3) composite structure comprising (a) perforated graphene-based material and (b) substrate layer affixed directly or indirectly to at least one surface of perforated graphene-based material, where composite structure is planar; (4) method (M3) for preparing an enclosure; and (5) method (M4) for improving biocompatibility of an enclosure involves affixing a substrate layer to the outside of enclosure.