▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Porous anode or cathode electrode comprises multiple particles of an electrode active material, optional conductive additive, and a polymer binder that bonds particles and conductive additive together to form electrode, where the multiple particles have pores occupying a pore volume faction Vp and electrode has pores, external to the multiple particles, occupying a volume faction Ve, where the Ve and Vp are all based on the total electrode volume, not counting the volume of an electrode current collector, and the total pore volume fraction Vt is Vp+Ve is from 10-80% in such a manner that a volume expansion of the electrode in a battery cell during battery charge/discharge operations ≯ 30%. USE - Porous anode or cathode electrode used for lithium battery, where the lithium battery is lithium-ion battery, lithium metal battery, lithium-sulfur battery, lithium-selenium battery, or lithium-air battery (claimed). ADVANTAGE - The porous anode or cathode electrode reduces the size of the active material particle, presumably for the purpose of reducing the total strain energy that can be stored in a particle, which is a driving force for crack formation in the particle, reduces particle size implies a higher surface area available for potentially reacting with the liquid electrolyte to form a higher amount of SEI. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method of manufacturing a lithium battery anode or cathode, involving: a. encapsulating multiple particles (primary particles) of an anode or cathode active material with a high-elasticity coating polymer to form multiple secondary particles having pores, the coating polymer has a recoverable tensile strain from 5-700%, when measured without an additive or reinforcement dispersed in the coating polymer, and a lithium-ion conductivity ≮ 10-8S/cm; b. forming electrode by bonding multiple secondary particles and an optional conductive additive together through the use of a binder resin containing a high-elasticity binder polymer, where the high-elasticity binder polymer comprises a cross-linked network of polymer chains and the high-elasticity polymer has a recoverable tensile strain from 5-700% when measured without an additive or reinforcement located in binder polymer; and c. generating additional pores, external to secondary particles, in electrode, where the pores in the secondary particles occupy a pore volume fraction Vp and additional pores occupy a pore volume fraction Ve based on the total electrode volume, not counting the volume of an electrode current collector, and the total pore volume fraction Vt is Vp+Ve is from 10-80% in such a manner that a volume expansion of the electrode in a battery cell during battery charge/discharge operations ≮ 30%.