▎ 摘 要
NOVELTY - A graphitic nanowall apparatus comprises a substrate having a surface, carbon mounds located on the surface, and graphitic nanowalls growing from a corresponding mound. USE - A graphitic nanowall apparatus for fabricating a graphene petal nanosheet structure for a biosensor or a supercapacitor (claimed). ADVANTAGE - The apparatus prevents formation of porous templates and does not require metal catalyst. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for: (1) a method of depositing carbon on a surface comprising providing a substrate having an outer surface, roughening the outer surface, depositing carbon on the roughened outer surface, and growing a graphitic petal from the carbon on the roughened surface; or providing a substrate having a first layer of a first material on top of a second layer of a second material where the first layer has an outer surface, diffusing a third gaseous material through the first layer, exposing the substrate during the diffusing to an electrical field of sufficient strength to roughen the outer surface, and depositing a fourth material containing carbon on the roughened outer surface; (2) a biosensor; (3) a method of producing the biosensor; (4) a supercapacitor comprising a carbon nanotube substrate, graphitic petal structure supported by the substrate, and metal oxide supported by the graphitic petal structure; (5) a method of graphitic petal synthesis comprising subjecting carbon cloth substrate to microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition; (6) a method of polyaniline coating of a graphitic petal surface comprising providing a platinum mesh counter electrode, a silver chloride reference electrode and a working electrode, providing an electrolyte including sulfuric acid and aniline, and electropolymerizing aniline to graphitic petal surface; and (7) a three dimensional nanostructure comprising a carbon cloth substrate graphitic petal structure supported by the substrate, and an approximately nanometer thick conformal polyaniline film covering the graphitic petal structure.