▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Making integral 3-dimensional graphene-carbon hybrid foam from graphitic material, comprises e.g. (a) mixing multiple particles of -graphitic material and -solid polymer carrier material to form mixture in impacting chamber of energy impacting apparatus, and (b) operating energy impacting apparatus with frequency and intensity for a length of time sufficient for peeling oil graphene sheets from graphitic material and transferring graphene sheets to surfaces of solid polymer carrier material particles to produce graphene-coated or graphene-embedded polymer particles inside impacting chamber. USE - The method is useful for: producing integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam (claimed) that can be useful for a broad array of applications e.g. to make a fumed heat sink (electronic devices for heat dissipation purposes e.g. CPU and battery in a portable microelectronic device), a heat pipe, a durable heat exchanger (in refrigeration systems, air conditioning units, heaters, power stations, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural-gas processing and sewage treatment), a heat spreader, high-conductivity insert, thin or thick conductive plate, thermal interface medium (or thermal interface material) and thermoelectric or Peltier cooling plate, where the heat exchanger is shell and tube heat exchanger, plate heat exchangers, plate and shell heat exchanger, adiabatic wheel heat exchanger, plate fin heat exchanger, pillow plate heat exchanger, fluid heat exchangers, waste heat recovery units, dynamic scraped surface heat exchanger, phase-change heat exchangers, direct contact heat exchangers and microchannel heat exchangers; separating oil from an oil-water mixture; and for separating an organic solvent from a solvent-water mixture or from a multiple-solvent mixture. ADVANTAGE - The method: provides the integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam which is chemical free; utilizes the pristine or non-pristine graphene and provides the hybrid foam that is highly conductive (thermally and electrically), high elastic modulus and/or strength, in large quantities with high flexibility (and making oil-absorbing elements that are capable of absorbing oil up to an amount as high as 400 times of its own weight yet still maintaining its structural shape (without significant expansion) and has controlled porosity level and pore sizes than compared to conventionally obtained method foams; and utilizes the graphitic material that gets wrapped around a polymer particle and are capable of constraining the carbon pore walls from being collapsed while some carbon species also permeate to the gaps between graphene sheets where these species bond the graphene sheets together. The method: utilizes (1) the graphene sheets that can be peeled off from natural graphite by using polymer particles alone, without utilizing the heavier and harder impacting balls (e.g. zirconium dioxide and steel balls commonly used in a ball mill). The peeled-off graphene sheets are directly transferred to polymer particle surfaces and are firmly wrapped around the polymer particles; utilizes (2) the impacting polymer particles that are capable of peeling off graphene sheets from artificial graphite e.g. meso-carbon micro-beads, which are known to have a skin layer of amorphous carbon; utilizes (3) the harder impacting balls, the graphene-like planes of carbon atoms constituting the internal structure of a carbon or graphite fiber that can also be peeled off and transferred to the polymer particle surfaces, thus accelerating the method; and (4) is simple, fast, scalable, environmentally benign and cost-effective process that avoids essentially all of the drawbacks of the conventional methods of producing graphene sheets. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Producing an integral 3-dimensional (3D) graphene-carbon hybrid foam directly from a graphitic material, comprises (a) mixing multiple particles of -graphitic material and -solid polymer carrier material to form a mixture in an impacting chamber of an energy impacting apparatus, (b) operating the energy impacting apparatus with a frequency and an intensity for a length of time sufficient for peeling oil graphene sheets from the graphitic material and transferring the graphene sheets to surfaces of the solid polymer carrier material particles to produce graphene-coated or graphene-embedded polymer particles inside the impacting chamber, (c) recovering the graphene-coated or graphene-embedded polymer particles from the impacting chamber and consolidating the graphene-coated or graphene-embedded polymer particles into a desired shape of graphene-polymer composite structure, and (d) pyrolyzing the shape of graphene-polymer composite structure to thermally convert the polymer into pores and carbon or graphite that bonds the graphene sheets to form the integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam.