▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - A membrane comprises a porous substrate; and graphene oxide layer comprising an optionally substituted cross-linked graphene oxide (111) connected with porous substrate. The optionally substituted cross-linked graphene oxide comprises an optionally substituted graphene oxide and a cross-linkage. USE - A membrane for dehydrating unprocessed fluid and removing solute from unprocessed solution (all claimed). ADVANTAGE - The graphene material-based membrane provides selective resistance for solutes or gas while providing water permeability. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A membrane comprises a porous substrate; and graphene oxide layer comprising an optionally substituted cross-linked graphene oxide (111) connected with porous substrate. The optionally substituted cross-linked graphene oxide comprises an optionally substituted graphene oxide and a cross-linkage of formula (I). R=H, CO2H, CO2Li, CO2Na, or CO2K. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for: (1) dehydrating an unprocessed fluid which involves exposing the unprocessed fluid to the membrane; (2) removing a solute from an unprocessed solution which involves exposing the unprocessed solution to the membrane; (3) making a membrane which involves (a) resting a solution comprising an optionally substituted graphene oxide and a water soluble cross-linker for 30 minutes-12 hours to create a coating mixture; (b) applying the coating mixture to a substrate; (c) repeating step (b) as necessary to achieve the desired thickness or number of layers; and (d) curing the optionally substituted graphene oxide and water soluble cross-linker upon the substrate at 50-120 degrees C for 15 minutes-2 hours so that the optionally substituted graphene oxide and the water soluble cross-linker are covalently bonded; and (4) making a membrane from optionally substituted meta-phenylenediamine cross-linker and an optionally substituted graphene oxide, which involves (a) separately applying to a substrate: (1) an aqueous solution of an optionally substituted graphene oxide and (2) an aqueous solution of an optionally substituted meta-phenylenediamine cross-linker; (b) repeating step (a) as necessary to achieve the desired thickness or number of layers; and (c) curing the optionally substituted graphene oxide and cross-linker upon the substrate at 50-120 degrees C for 15 minutes-2 hours until the optionally substituted graphene oxide and optionally substituted meta-phenylenediamine cross-linker are covalently bonded. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a sectional view of the graphene oxide layers of graphene oxide (GO)-meta-phenylenediamine (MPD) membrane. Graphene oxide (111) Cross-linker (112)