▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Capture device comprises: a substrate; a graphene-oxide layer on the substrate; at least one polydopamine polymer coupled with the graphene-oxide; and at least one targeting receptor coupled to the polydopamine, where the targeting receptor is capable of targeting and binding with a target biological substance. USE - The capture device is useful for: capturing a biological substance; determining whether a target biological substance is present in a sample; and determining a disease state in a subject (all claimed). ADVANTAGE - The capture device offers much improved performance to exosome capture, isolation and analysis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (1) a method (M1) for determining whether a target biological substance is present in a sample, comprising: providing the capture device; contacting the sample with the capture device; analyzing the capture device for presence of the target biological substance being bound with the targeting receptor; and determining the presence of the target biological substance in the sample, where if the target biological substance binds with the targeting receptor, the target biological substance is present in the sample, or if the target biological substance does not bind with the targeting receptor, the target biological substance is not present in the sample; (2) a method (M2) for capturing a target biological substance, comprising providing the capture device, and contacting a sample with the capture device so that the target biological substance associates with the targeting receptor; and (3) a method (M3) for determining a disease state in a subject, comprising: providing the capture device; obtaining a sample from the subject; contacting the sample with the capture device; analyzing the capture device for presence of the target biological substance being bound with the targeting receptor; determining the presence of the target biological substance in the sample, where if the target biological substance binds with the targeting receptor, the target biological substance is present in the sample, or if the target biological substance does not bind with the targeting receptor, the target biological substance is absent in the sample; identifying presence of the disease state in the subject when the target biological substance is present in the sample, or absence of the disease state in the subject when the target biological substance is absent from the sample; and reporting to the subject the presence or absence of the disease state to the subject.