▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - The fuel cell (10) has a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) (12), first and second electrode catalyst layers (14,16) including first and second catalyst materials. The PEM is between the first and second electrode catalyst layers. The first electrode catalyst layer has a first surface facing away from the PEM and a second surface facing the PEM and the second electrode catalyst layer has a first surface facing away from the PEM and a second surface facing the PEM. A graphene-based material is coated on the first and/or second surface of the first and/or second electrode catalyst layer. The graphene-based material has multiple defects each formed by a vacancy of four adjacent carbon atoms in the graphene-based material, and the number of defects is configured such that the dissolution of the first and/or second catalyst materials is attenuated by the first and/or second surface of the first and/or second electrode catalyst layers. USE - Fuel cell for vehicle and other transportation application. ADVANTAGE - The widespread use of fuel cells can reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The use of defective graphene-based materials as portion of the catalyst layer to increase durability to reduce the dissolution and slow down the migration of catalyst materials. A considerable reduction in the catalyst material loading can contribute to significantly achieve cost targets for the fuel cell. Since less platinum is redeposited on PEM, there is less PEM degradation, thus preventing ECSA loss and PEM degradation can increase the life of the fuel cell. The ultrasound can be performed to distribute the particles and to prevent aggregation or nanoparticles. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawings show schematic side view of a fuel cell and schematic representation of a computing platform that is used to implement DFT algorithm computations and/or methodologies. (Drawing includes non-English language text) Fuel cell (10) PEM (12) Anode catalyst layer (14) Cathode catalyst layer (16) Computer platform (50)