▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - The electrode (10) has a conductive layer i.e. electrically conductive film (12), containing amorphous inorganic oxide. A shielding layer (13) is selected from a film containing self-doped conductive polymer that is provided with Broensted acid anion and formed on the conductive layer. A graphene film contains nitrogen atom. The conductive layer is formed on the transparent substrate (11), where content rate of the nitrogen atom with respect to carbon atom of the graphene film is 0.1-10 %. The film containing self-doped conductive polymer contains polyol compound or graphene oxide. USE - Transparent electrode for use in an electronic device e.g. solar cells such as perovskite-type solar cell and organic solar cell, photosensor and organic-LED (OLED). ADVANTAGE - The graphene film contains nitrogen atom, so that high permeable transparent electrode can be manufactured with low resistance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (1) an electronic device (2) an electronic device manufacturing method. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a sectional view of a transparent electrode. Transparent electrode (10) Transparent substrate (11) Electrically conductive film (12) Shielding layer (13)