▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Manufacture of a porous structure, involves: 1) combining a hard material containing a carbonaceous material and/or an inorganic material, with a polymer blend, to form a mixture; and 2) heating the formed mixture to a temperature effective to template the hard material, followed by degrading the polymer blend and providing the porous structure comprising the hard material. USE - Method is used for manufacturing porous structure. ADVANTAGE - The method provides easy and scalable strategies for preparing porous hard materials and template the materials, and enables to avoid processing steps including long thermal treatments, etching and freeze-drying. The process is designed to template hard materials (e.g., carbonaceous materials or inorganic materials) using polymer blend, and immediately burn the polymer regions away in single step, leaving a templated network structure comprising the hard material. During the process, the rapid heating prevents or minimizes molecular rearrangement after phase separation and before polymer degradation, thus effectively fixing the porous structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for porous structure which comprises a solid continuous phase and a gaseous dispersed phase, where the solid continuous phase has the hard material. The porous structure comprises mesopores having average diameter 2-50 nm, and macropores having average diameter greater than 50 nm. The porous structure has macropore area greater than 10 wt.%, average pore volume 0.5-1.5 cm3/g and specific surface area greater than 75 m2/g.