▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Composition comprises nanoparticulate spheres having lithium sulfide with embedded graphene oxide. USE - The composition is useful for an electrode and lithium or sulfur battery (all claimed). ADVANTAGE - The composition provides lithium/sulfur cell: having high theoretical specific energy of 2680 Wh/kg; that can be paired with different kinds of lithium metal free metals such as high capacity silicon anode; allows modifications at higher temperature and provides stable surface coating; that overcomes large volume change during cycling, polysulfide dissolution into organic electrolytes and low electrical conductivity of sulfur; that has reduced electrode resistance; having a short solid-state lithium diffusion pathway and structural stability of the carbon shell during cycling; that creates void space within the carbon shell during charge, which provide enough space to accommodate the volume expansion of up to 80% during discharge, thus better structural stability of the carbon shell can be secured because the carbon shell will not need to expand during cycling; and having graphene oxide particles that act as a second inhibitor for polysulfide dissolution due to its sulfur immobilizing nature even if some percentage of the carbon shells is broken due to physical imperfections. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (1) synthesizing the lithium sulfide-graphene oxide composite material comprising adding a first solution comprising elemental sulfur in a non-polar organic solvent to a second solution comprising dispersed graphene oxide in a dispersing solvent and adding a strong lithium based reducing agent to make a reaction mixture, and precipitating the lithium sulfide with embedded graphene oxide material from the reaction mixture by heating the reaction mixture at elevated temperature for 2-30 minutes; and (2) the lithium sulfide-graphene oxide or graphene oxide coated with a conformal carbon layer material made by the method as above per se.