▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Membrane comprises a microporous mat of electrospun nanofibers, where the nanofibers are made of a nanocomposite comprising reduced graphene oxide dispersed in a hydrophobic polymer. The surface of the nanofibers is grafted with a silane coupling agent or with hydrophobic nanoparticles. USE - Membrane for membrane distillation forward osmosis membrane. ADVANTAGE - The membrane has enhanced water permeability, improved antifouling properties, high porosity, and reduced increased intracranial pressure (ICP) effects, strong adhesive property of most commercial membranes and non-modified polymer membranes and good over long-term operation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (1) a method for manufacturing membrane for membrane distillation, which involves electrospinning a dope solution of the hydrophobic polymer to produce mat of electrospun nanofibers, and then grafting the silane coupling agent or the hydrophobic nanoparticles on the surface of the nanofibers; (2) a method for carrying out membrane distillation, which involves providing membrane for membrane distillation, contacting a heated feed containing water with the membrane, causing diffusion of water vapor from the feed through the membrane into a condensation chamber, and then condensing the water vapor in the condensation chamber; (3) a method for manufacturing forward osmosis membrane, which involves electrospinning dope solution of the hydrophilic polymer, and then forming the rejection layer on one side of the support layer by interfacial polymerization; and (4) a method for treating high-salinity or high-strength feed, such as fracking wastewater, which involves subjecting the high-salinity or high-strength feed to microfiltration or ultrafiltration to produce a pre-treated feed as a filtrate, subjecting the pre-treated feed to forward osmosis by using a draw solution to produce a water- diluted draw solution, and then subjecting the water-diluted draw solution to membrane distillation to produce water and regenerate the draw solution. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of the fracking wastewater treatment process composed of microfiltration, forward osmosis, and membrane distillation.